GAO's main form of public transport largely consists of privately operated buses linking the major towns to rural areas. Public transport in Goa is not very efficient, and most buses stop plying on routes a little after dusk. Residents depend heavily on their own transport, usually motorised two-wheelers. Goa has two National Highways passing through it. NH-17 runs along India's west coast and links Goa to Bombay in the north and Mangalore to the south.

Hired forms of transport include unmetered taxis, and, in urban areas, auto rickshaws. A unique form of transport in Goa is the yellow-and-black two-wheeler Motorcycle taxi, operated by drivers who are locally called "pilots". These vehicles transport a single pillion rider, at fares that are usually negotiated prior or after the journey. In some places in Goa, there are river crossings which are serviced by the ferry boats, operated by the river navigation departments. Goa has two rail lines – one run by the South Western Railway and the other by the Konkan Railway.

GAO's sole airport, the Dabolim Airport, is a military airport, though civilian flights are permitted when the fields can be spared from military uses. Dabolim Airport sees a large number of tourists arriving from London Gatwick airport every year. In addition to regular flights, the airport handles a large number of chartered flights.

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